Espectroscopía de absorción atómica con llama y su aplicación para la determinación de plomo y control de productos cosméticos
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
La presente es una revisión bibliográfica sobre la espectroscopia de absorción atómica de llama, método sensible y confiable en la determinación de metales pesados, ya que cuenta con una energía de transmisión electrónica única para cada metal. Este hecho facilita la investigación de nuevos productos cosméticos, en los cuales la determinación de plomo (Pb) es un tema de constante interés debido a su toxicidad. Es el caso de las empresas fabricantes las cuales a más de cumplir con la reglamentación exigida por la autoridad sanitaria deben plantearse requerimientos rigurosos en las buenas prácticas de fabricación, con el afán de dar al consumidor formulaciones inteligentes que embellezcan sin repercusiones sobre la salud en el tiempo, además de la información necesaria acerca de su composición. Asimismo, la autoridad sanitaria debe verificar en la etapa de post-registro las especificaciones de cumplimiento de la normativa, controlando de una mejor manera los productos cosméticos que circulan en el país.
Palabras Clave
absorción atómica de llama, plomo, cosméticos, metales pesados
Citas
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Al-Ashban, R., M. Salam y A. Shah. 2003. Kohl (surma): a toxic traditional eye cosmetic study in saudi arabia. Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health, 118: 292–298, URL ?www.elsevierhealth.com/journals/pubh?.
Al-Saleh, I., S. Al-Enazi y N. Shinwari. 2009. Assesment of lead in cosmetic products. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 54(2): 105–113, URL ?http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed /19250956?.
Amartey, E., A. Ssumadu-Sakyi, C. Adjei, F. Quashie, G. Duodu y N. Bentil. 2011. Determination of heavy metals concentration in hair pomades on teh ghanaian market using atomic absorption spectrometry technique. British Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2(4): 192–198.
Arise, R., A. Tella, A. Igunnu y S. Malomo. 2010. Elemental analysis of local galena based eyeliner and its effects on some enzymes of rat liver and brain. International Research Journal of Biotechnology, 1(4): 059–064, URL ?www.interesjournals.org/IRJOB.?
Barlas, N., M. Irget y M. Tepecik. 2011. Mineral content of the rocket plant (eruca sativa). African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(64): 14080–14082, URL ?www.academicjournals.org/ AJB?.
Bortoleto, G., G. Macarovscha y S. Cadore. 2004. Determination of cadmium by flame-atomic absorption spectrometry after preconcentration on silica gel modified with cupferron. J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 15(2): 313–317.
CancerHelp UK. Lead in lipstick causing cancer. URL ?http://cancerhelp.cancerresearchuk.org /about-cancer/cancer-questions/lead-in-lipstick -causing-cancer?.
Chauhan, A., R. Bhadauria, A. Singh, S. Lodhi, D. Chaturvedi y V. Tomar. 2010. Determination of lead and cadmium in cosmetic products. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2(6): 92–97.
Ciaralli, L., R. Giordano, S. Cassoma, A. Sepe y S. Costantini. 1996. Determination of chromium and nickel in comercial foam bath products by eta-aas. Ann. Ist. Super. Sanita, 32(3): 381–385.
Das, S., A. Grewal y M. Banerjee. 2011. A brief review: Heavy metal and their analysis. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research., 11(1), URL ?www.global researchonline.net.?
Envionmental defence. 2011. Heavy metal hazard. the health risks of hidden heavy metals in face makeup. URL ?http://environmentaldefence.ca/sites/default /files/report_files/HeavyMetalHazard %20FINAL.pdf?.
FDA U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2010. Color additives permitted for use in cosmetics. URL ?http://www.fda.gov/Cosmetics /GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation /VoluntaryCosmeticsRegistrationProgramVCRP /OnlineRegistration /ucm109084?.
FDA U.S Food and Drug Administration. 2011. Lipstick and lead: Questions and answers. URL ?http://www.fda.gov/cosmetics /productandingredientsafety /productinformation/ucm137224.htm?.
Hall, B., S. Tozer, M. Coroama, W. Stelling, M. Leneveu-Duchemin, C. McNamara y M. Gibney. 2007. European consumer exporsure to cosmetic products, a framewok for conducting population exposure assessments. Food Chem Toxicol., 45(11): 2097–2108, URL ?http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed /17683841?.
Hati, S., G. Dimari y V. Ogugbuaja. 2009. Levels of potentially toxic metals in synthetic industrial essential oils utilized in northern nigeria. The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 10(1), URL ?www.akamaiuniversity.us/PJST.htm?.
Health fety.metal Canada, Consumer Product Sa2011. Draft guiadance on heavy impurities in cosmetics. URL ?http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/cps-spc/legislation /consultation/_cosmet/metal-metaux-consult -eng.php?.
Hepp, N., W. Mindak y J. Cheng. 2009. Determination of total lead in lipstick: development and validation of a microwave-assisted digestion, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometric method. J. Cosmet. Scie., 60(4): 405–414, URL ?http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed /19691936?.
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Nnorom, I., J. Igwe y C. Oji-Nnorom. 2005. Trace metal contents of facial (make-up) cosmetics commonly used in nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology, 4(10): 1133–1138.
Omolaoye, J., A. Uzairu y C. Gimba. 2010. Heavy metal assessment of some eye shadow products imported into nigeria from china. Archives of Applied Science Research, 2(5): 76–84, URL ?www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com?.
Oyedeji, F., G. Hassan y B. Adeleke. 2011. Hydroquinone and heavy metals levels in cosmetics market in niegeria. Trends in Applied Sciences Research, 6(7): 622–639.
Peregrino, C., M. Moreno, S. Miranda, A. Rubio y L. Leal. 2011. Mercury levels in locally manufactured mexican skin-lightening creams. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 8: 2516–2523, URL ?www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph?.
Revista Salud Alternativa. 2011. Plomo en lápices labiales: Riesgos maquillados para la salud. URL ?http://www.revistasaludalternativa.com /plomo-en-lapices-labiales-riesgos-maquillados -para-la-salud/?.
Sainio, E., R. Jolanki, E. Hakala y L. Kanerva. 2000. Metals and arsenic in eye shadow. Contact Dermatitis, 42(1): 5–10.
Salvador, A. y A. Chisvert. 2007. Analysis of Cosmetic Products. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Sharma, D., S. Rai, S. Arora, P. Gupta, R. Sharma y A. Chopra. 2011. Study of the trace elements in Aloe vera L. (Aloe barbandensis Miller) viz. Liliaceae and its biological and environmental Importance. J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 3(3): 64–68, URL ?www.jocpr.com?.
Skoog, D., F. Holler y T. Nieman. 2001. Principios de Analisis Instrumental. Mc Graw Hill/Interamericana de España, S.A.U, 5 edición
Trejos, S. 2011. Validación de la metodología para la determinación cuantitativa de plomo en tintes cosméticos disponible en el mercado nacional por espectroscopia de absorción atómica con llama. Tecnología en Marcha, 21(3): 42–46.
Vejledning fra Miljostyrelsen. 2000. Guideline on safety assessment of cosmetic products. Product information/dossier on cosmetic products, in the Danish Order of Cosmetic Products. Environmental Guideline, 10, URL ?http://www2.mst.dk/udgiv/publications /2000/87-7944-336-2/pdf /87-7944-337-0.pdf?.
Womens Health. 2011. Cosmetics and your health. URL ?http://www.womenshealth.gov /publications/our-publications/fact-sheet /cosmetics-your-health.pdf?.
Al-Ashban, R., M. Salam y A. Shah. 2003. Kohl (surma): a toxic traditional eye cosmetic study in saudi arabia. Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health, 118: 292–298, URL ?www.elsevierhealth.com/journals/pubh?.
Al-Saleh, I., S. Al-Enazi y N. Shinwari. 2009. Assesment of lead in cosmetic products. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 54(2): 105–113, URL ?http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed /19250956?.
Amartey, E., A. Ssumadu-Sakyi, C. Adjei, F. Quashie, G. Duodu y N. Bentil. 2011. Determination of heavy metals concentration in hair pomades on teh ghanaian market using atomic absorption spectrometry technique. British Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2(4): 192–198.
Arise, R., A. Tella, A. Igunnu y S. Malomo. 2010. Elemental analysis of local galena based eyeliner and its effects on some enzymes of rat liver and brain. International Research Journal of Biotechnology, 1(4): 059–064, URL ?www.interesjournals.org/IRJOB.?
Barlas, N., M. Irget y M. Tepecik. 2011. Mineral content of the rocket plant (eruca sativa). African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(64): 14080–14082, URL ?www.academicjournals.org/ AJB?.
Bortoleto, G., G. Macarovscha y S. Cadore. 2004. Determination of cadmium by flame-atomic absorption spectrometry after preconcentration on silica gel modified with cupferron. J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 15(2): 313–317.
CancerHelp UK. Lead in lipstick causing cancer. URL ?http://cancerhelp.cancerresearchuk.org /about-cancer/cancer-questions/lead-in-lipstick -causing-cancer?.
Chauhan, A., R. Bhadauria, A. Singh, S. Lodhi, D. Chaturvedi y V. Tomar. 2010. Determination of lead and cadmium in cosmetic products. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2(6): 92–97.
Ciaralli, L., R. Giordano, S. Cassoma, A. Sepe y S. Costantini. 1996. Determination of chromium and nickel in comercial foam bath products by eta-aas. Ann. Ist. Super. Sanita, 32(3): 381–385.
Das, S., A. Grewal y M. Banerjee. 2011. A brief review: Heavy metal and their analysis. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research., 11(1), URL ?www.global researchonline.net.?
Envionmental defence. 2011. Heavy metal hazard. the health risks of hidden heavy metals in face makeup. URL ?http://environmentaldefence.ca/sites/default /files/report_files/HeavyMetalHazard %20FINAL.pdf?.
FDA U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2010. Color additives permitted for use in cosmetics. URL ?http://www.fda.gov/Cosmetics /GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation /VoluntaryCosmeticsRegistrationProgramVCRP /OnlineRegistration /ucm109084?.
FDA U.S Food and Drug Administration. 2011. Lipstick and lead: Questions and answers. URL ?http://www.fda.gov/cosmetics /productandingredientsafety /productinformation/ucm137224.htm?.
Hall, B., S. Tozer, M. Coroama, W. Stelling, M. Leneveu-Duchemin, C. McNamara y M. Gibney. 2007. European consumer exporsure to cosmetic products, a framewok for conducting population exposure assessments. Food Chem Toxicol., 45(11): 2097–2108, URL ?http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed /17683841?.
Hati, S., G. Dimari y V. Ogugbuaja. 2009. Levels of potentially toxic metals in synthetic industrial essential oils utilized in northern nigeria. The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 10(1), URL ?www.akamaiuniversity.us/PJST.htm?.
Health fety.metal Canada, Consumer Product Sa2011. Draft guiadance on heavy impurities in cosmetics. URL ?http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/cps-spc/legislation /consultation/_cosmet/metal-metaux-consult -eng.php?.
Hepp, N., W. Mindak y J. Cheng. 2009. Determination of total lead in lipstick: development and validation of a microwave-assisted digestion, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometric method. J. Cosmet. Scie., 60(4): 405–414, URL ?http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed /19691936?.
LifeExtension. 2011. Heavy metal toxicity. URL ? h t t p : / / w w w. l e f . o r g / p r o t o c o l s / p r t c l s t x t /t-prtcl-156?.
Nnorom, I., J. Igwe y C. Oji-Nnorom. 2005. Trace metal contents of facial (make-up) cosmetics commonly used in nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology, 4(10): 1133–1138.
Omolaoye, J., A. Uzairu y C. Gimba. 2010. Heavy metal assessment of some eye shadow products imported into nigeria from china. Archives of Applied Science Research, 2(5): 76–84, URL ?www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com?.
Oyedeji, F., G. Hassan y B. Adeleke. 2011. Hydroquinone and heavy metals levels in cosmetics market in niegeria. Trends in Applied Sciences Research, 6(7): 622–639.
Peregrino, C., M. Moreno, S. Miranda, A. Rubio y L. Leal. 2011. Mercury levels in locally manufactured mexican skin-lightening creams. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 8: 2516–2523, URL ?www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph?.
Revista Salud Alternativa. 2011. Plomo en lápices labiales: Riesgos maquillados para la salud. URL ?http://www.revistasaludalternativa.com /plomo-en-lapices-labiales-riesgos-maquillados -para-la-salud/?.
Sainio, E., R. Jolanki, E. Hakala y L. Kanerva. 2000. Metals and arsenic in eye shadow. Contact Dermatitis, 42(1): 5–10.
Salvador, A. y A. Chisvert. 2007. Analysis of Cosmetic Products. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Sharma, D., S. Rai, S. Arora, P. Gupta, R. Sharma y A. Chopra. 2011. Study of the trace elements in Aloe vera L. (Aloe barbandensis Miller) viz. Liliaceae and its biological and environmental Importance. J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 3(3): 64–68, URL ?www.jocpr.com?.
Skoog, D., F. Holler y T. Nieman. 2001. Principios de Analisis Instrumental. Mc Graw Hill/Interamericana de España, S.A.U, 5 edición
Trejos, S. 2011. Validación de la metodología para la determinación cuantitativa de plomo en tintes cosméticos disponible en el mercado nacional por espectroscopia de absorción atómica con llama. Tecnología en Marcha, 21(3): 42–46.
Vejledning fra Miljostyrelsen. 2000. Guideline on safety assessment of cosmetic products. Product information/dossier on cosmetic products, in the Danish Order of Cosmetic Products. Environmental Guideline, 10, URL ?http://www2.mst.dk/udgiv/publications /2000/87-7944-336-2/pdf /87-7944-337-0.pdf?.
Womens Health. 2011. Cosmetics and your health. URL ?http://www.womenshealth.gov /publications/our-publications/fact-sheet /cosmetics-your-health.pdf?.
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jun 30, 2012
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